Fig. 6

Population models with secular trends in their risk exposure match United Nations historical data on population size more closely than static models that do not include these trends. Historical population size estimates deviate significantly from United Nations projections (dashed blue lines) when using a standard model (magenta) that assumes no change in demographic or socioeconomic variables over time, as compared to our fitted model (green) that includes time trends in demographic and socioeconomic variables. Results are displayed for both (a) urban and (b) rural females from 1990 to 2010