Skip to main content

Table 2 The number of deaths attributable to selected risk factors in Taiwan, 2009

From: Adult mortality of diseases and injuries attributable to selected metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors in Taiwan: a comparative risk assessment

Risk factor

Total

(95% UI)

CVDa

(95% UI)

Cancer

(95% UI)

Diabetes

(95% UI)

Chronic liver disease

(95% UI)

Other NCDs and injuryb

(95% UI)

Overall

ā€ƒHigh blood pressure

11,190

(8,190–14,190)

11,190

(8,190–14,190)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh total cholesterol

2,070

(1,300–2,830)

2,070

(1,300–2,830)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh blood glucose

14,900

(11,850–17,960)

4,090

(2,120–6,070)

Ā Ā 

10,160

Ā Ā Ā 

650

(410–890)

ā€ƒOverweight/obesity

7,610

(6,040–9,190)

4,050

(3,060–5,050)

120

(60–190)

3,440

(2,700–4,170)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDietary risks

7,890

(5,970–9,810)

5,950

(4,500–7,410)

1,940

(1,470–2,410)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒTobacco smoking

13,400

(10,330–16,450)

3,390

(1,590–5,170)

7,060

(3,420–10,680)

790

(230–1,340)

970

(490–1,430)

1,190

(420–1,930)

ā€ƒAlcohol use

6,350

(5,730–6,970)

āˆ’60c

(āˆ’250–130)

3,770

(3,550–4,000)

āˆ’150c

(āˆ’190ā€“ā€‰āˆ’ā€‰110)

1,910

(1,680–2,130)

880

(800–960)

ā€ƒBetel nut use

1,780

(1,190–2,360)

Ā Ā 

1,780

(1,190–2,360)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPhysical inactivity

7,400

(6,670–8,130)

4,560

(3,990–5,120)

1,130

(950–1,300)

1,710

(1,370–2,060)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAmbient PM pollution

8,600

(7,370–9,840)

6,290

(5,470–7,110)

1,580

(1,290–1,870)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

730

(610–850)

ā€ƒHepatitis B virus

6,300

(5,610–6,980)

Ā Ā 

4,050

(3,680–4,410)

Ā Ā 

2,250

(1,700–2,800)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHepatitis C virus

3,170

(1,860–4,490)

Ā Ā 

2,940

(1,730–4,150)

Ā Ā 

230

(20–450)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒJoint cardiometabolic risks

12,120

(11,220–13,020)

12,120

(11,220–13,020)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Men

ā€ƒHigh blood pressure

6,280

(4,640–7,920)

6,280

(4,640–7,920)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh total cholesterol

1,260

(800–1,720)

1,260

(800–1,720)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh blood glucose

7,460

(5,870–9,050)

2,260

(1,160–3,360)

Ā Ā 

4,920

Ā Ā Ā 

280

(170–380)

ā€ƒOverweight/obesity

4,360

(3,480–5,240)

2,540

(1,950–3,130)

50

(20–80)

1,770

(1,400–2,140)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDietary risks

5,460

(4,150–6,770)

3,950

(3,000–4,910)

1,510

(1,140–1,870)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒTobacco smoking

11,500

(9,260–13,730)

2,720

(1,330–4,110)

5,950

(3,200–8,700)

790

(230–1,340)

960

(490–1,430)

1,080

(470–1,690)

ā€ƒAlcohol use

6,030

(5,560–6,500)

260

(160–370)

3,330

(3,160–3,500)

āˆ’70c

(āˆ’100ā€“Ā āˆ’40)

1,730

(1,560–1,900)

780

(710–840)

ā€ƒBetel nut use

1,780

(1,190–2,360)

Ā Ā 

1,780

(1,190–2,360)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPhysical inactivity

4,100

(3,720–4,490)

2,800

(2,470–3,120)

450

(390–510)

850

(690–1,020)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAmbient PM pollution

5,550

(3,530–5,740)

3,920

(3,420–4,430)

1,060

(860–1,250)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

570

(470–660)

ā€ƒHepatitis B virus

4,650

(4,150–5,130)

Ā Ā 

2,920

(2,670–3,160)

Ā Ā 

1,730

(1,330–2,130)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHepatitis C virus

2,050

(1,150–2,950)

Ā Ā 

1,910

(1,080–2,750)

Ā Ā 

140

(10–270)

Ā 

ā€ƒJoint cardiometabolic risks

6,880

(6,430–7,330)

6,880

(6,430–7,330)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Women

ā€ƒHigh blood pressure

4,910

(3,550–6,270)

4,910

(3,550–6,270)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh total cholesterol

810

(500–1,120)

810

(500–1,120)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh blood glucose

7,440

(5,980–8,910)

1,830

(960–2,710)

Ā Ā 

5,240

Ā Ā Ā 

370

(240–510)

ā€ƒOverweight/obesity

3,250

(2,560–3,950)

1,520

(1,120–1,920)

70

(40–110)

1,660

(1,300–2,030)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDietary risks

2,430

(1,820–3,040)

2,000

(1,490–2,500)

430

(330–540)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒTobacco smoking

1,900

(1,070–2,720)

660

(260–1,060)

1,140

(220–1,980)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

100

(āˆ’40–250)

ā€ƒAlcohol use

320

(160–470)

āˆ’320c

(āˆ’410ā€“ā€‰āˆ’ā€‰230)

440

(390–490)

āˆ’80c

(āˆ’90ā€“ā€‰āˆ’ā€‰70)

180

(120–230)

100

(90–110)

ā€ƒBetel nut use

0

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPhysical inactivity

3,300

(2,950–3,640)

1,760

(1,520–2,000)

680

(560–780)

860

(680–1,040)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAmbient PM pollution

3,050

(2,610–3,500)

2,370

(2,050–2,680)

520

(420–620)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

160

(140–190)

ā€ƒHepatitis B virus

1,650

(1,460–1,850)

Ā Ā 

1,130

(1,020–1,250)

Ā Ā 

520

(370–670)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHepatitis C virus

1,120

(700–1,540)

Ā Ā 

1,030

(650–1,400)

Ā Ā 

90

(10–180)

Ā 

ā€ƒJoint cardiometabolic risks

5,240

(4,790–5,680)

5,240

(4,790–5,680)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 
  1. a CVD cardiovascular diseases, b NCD non-communicable disease, other NCDs include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, alcohol abuse; injury: accidental injury and suicide
  2. cModerate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce the risk of death from some causes, resulting a negative numbers of attributable deaths in our analysis