Fig. 4

Ethnic distribution of the English populations in CPRD, HES, and English Census 2011. Proportions (%) of the currently registered acceptable English populations of a CPRD GOLD-HES, b CPRD Aurum-HES, and c CPRD-HES in each higher-level ethic category as determined using the algorithm with all available data from CPRD and HES compared to the proportions of the d the general population of the England in each higher-level ethnic category according to the English Census 2011, e the general population of England in each higher-level ethnic category according experimental ethnicity distributions for England from ONS in 2019, and f the general population of England in each higher-level ethnic category according to NHS Digital’s General Practice Extraction Service (GPES) Data for Pandemic Planning and Research (GDPPR) with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in May 2021