Fig. 15

Visualisation of commuting patterns between usual residences (URs) and places of work (POWs), using 2021 census data. Each commuting flow is represented by an edge connecting the centroids of the corresponding UR and POW. Red lines represent the commuting edges between URs (in SA1 level) and POWs (in DZN level) directly taken from 2021 census, while blue lines depict the reconstructed edges created by our algorithm to match the aggregate totals