Skip to main content

Table 3 Hazard ratios

From: The impact of different imputation methods on estimates and model performance: an example using a risk prediction model for premature mortality

 

Complete

Mode

Single

Multiple

Case

Imputation

Imputation

Imputation

Variable

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

FEMALE

Weibull parameters

    

Scale parameter

0.7852

0.8196

0.8194

0.8194-0.8200

Shape parameter

1.2736

1.2201

1.2204

1.2195–1.2204

Intercept

12.2157

12.3887

12.3880

12.3151–12.3880

Age

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

Household income quintile

    

Q1 (lowest)

1.33

(1.30–1.36)

1.24

(1.22–1.26)

1.25

(1.23–1.27)

1.21

(1.09–1.33)

Q2

1.14

(1.11–1.16)

1.09

(1.07–1.11)

1.15

(1.13–1.17)

1.07

(0.92–1.24)

Q3

1.13

(1.11–1.15)

1.09

(1.07–1.11)

1.06

(1.04–1.08)

1.05

(0.92–1.19)

Q4

1.14

(1.11–1.16)

1.13

(1.11–1.15)

1.09

(1.07–1.11)

1.05

(0.95–1.16)

Q5 (highest)

REF

REF

REF

REF

Education

    

Less than secondary school graduation

1.13

(1.12–1.15)

1.13

(1.11–1.14)

1.10

(1.08–1.11)

1.12

(1.07–1.17)

Secondary school graduation

1.01

(1.00–1.03)

1.03

(1.02–1.05)

1.01

(1.00–1.03)

1.03

(0.99–1.07)

Post-secondary education (complete and partial)

REF

REF

REF

REF

Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)

    

< 18.5

1.67

(1.62–1.71)

1.55

(1.52–1.58)

1.53

(1.49–1.56)

1.60

(1.45–1.77)

18.5 to < 25.0 (normal weight)

REF

REF

REF

REF

25.0 to < 30.0

0.82

(0.81–0.84)

0.74

(0.73–0.75)

0.74

(0.73–0.75)

0.78

(0.71–0.86)

30.0 to < 35.0

0.75

(0.73–0.76)

0.65

(0.64–0.66)

0.66

(0.65–0.67)

0.69

(0.64–0.74)

35.0 to < 40.0

0.82

(0.79–0.84)

0.67

(0.65–0.68)

0.69

(0.67–0.70)

0.71

(0.65–0.77)

≥ 40.0

1.03

(1.00–1.06)

0.91

(0.88–0.93)

0.85

(0.82–0.87)

0.89

(0.81–0.99)

Self-perceived general health

    

Poor

5.29

(5.15–5.44)

6.20

(6.06–6.35)

6.34

(6.19–6.49)

6.29

(5.85–6.75)

Fair

2.42

(2.36–2.48)

2.83

(2.77–2.89)

2.84

(2.78–2.90)

2.83

(2.69–2.98)

Good

1.51

(1.47–1.54)

1.71

(1.68–1.75)

1.72

(1.68–1.75)

1.72

(1.63–1.80)

Very good

1.19

(1.17–1.22)

1.20

(1.18–1.23)

1.18

(1.16–1.21)

1.18

(1.13–1.23)

Excellent

REF

REF

REF

REF

Cigarette smoking

    

Never smoked

REF

REF

REF

REF

Former light smoker

1.54

(1.52–1.57)

1.59

(1.57–1.61)

1.61

(1.59–1.63)

1.60

(1.57–1.63)

Former heavy smoker

2.03

(1.99–2.07)

1.93

(1.90–1.96)

1.97

(1.93–2.00)

1.96

(1.89–2.03)

Current light smoker

2.44

(2.40–2.48)

2.34

(2.31–2.37)

2.38

(2.34–2.41)

2.35

(2.27–2.44)

Current heavy smoker

2.90

(2.83–2.97)

2.76

(2.70–2.81)

2.76

(2.70–2.82)

2.77

(2.71–2.83)

Physical activity

    

Inactive

1.30

(1.28–1.33)

1.40

(1.38–1.42)

1.39

(1.37–1.42)

1.36

(1.28–1.45)

Moderately active

1.02

(1.00–1.04)

1.09

(1.07–1.11)

1.11

(1.09–1.13)

1.08

(1.02–1.15)

Active

REF

REF

REF

REF

Emphysema/COPD

1.21

(1.19–1.24)

1.23

(1.20–1.25)

1.21

(1.19–1.23)

1.21

(1.19–1.24)

Heart disease

1.18

(1.16–1.21)

1.22

(1.20–1.23)

1.21

(1.19–1.22)

1.21

(1.19–1.23)

Diabetes

1.38

(1.36–1.41)

1.30

(1.29–1.32)

1.31

(1.29–1.33)

1.30

(1.27–1.33)

Cancer

5.75

(5.65–5.85)

5.31

(5.23–5.39)

5.30

(5.22–5.38)

5.27

(5.19–5.36)

Stroke

1.52

(1.48–1.56)

1.37

(1.34–1.40)

1.38

(1.35–1.42)

1.38

(1.35–1.42)

MALE

Weibull parameters

    

Scale parameter

0.8137

0.8472

0.8468

0.8468–0.8469

Shape parameter

1.2289

1.1804

1.1809

1.1808–1.1809

Intercept

11.6282

11.6657

11.7012

11.7010-11.7216

Age

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

1.08

(1.08–1.08)

Household income quintile

   

Q1 (lowest)

1.61

(1.58–1.63)

1.38

(1.36–1.40)

1.39

(1.37–1.41)

1.42

(1.31–1.54)

Q2

1.65

(1.62–1.68)

1.46

(1.45–1.48)

1.46

(1.44–1.49)

1.51

(1.40–1.63)

Q3

1.40

(1.38–1.43)

1.23

(1.22–1.25)

1.27

(1.25–1.29)

1.30

(1.23–1.38)

Q4

1.22

(1.20–1.24)

1.14

(1.12–1.15)

1.12

(1.11–1.14)

1.14

(1.10–1.19)

Q5 (highest)

REF

REF

REF

REF

Marital status

    

Domestic partner (married/common law)

0.60

(0.59–0.61)

0.56

(0.55–0.57)

0.57

(0.56–0.58)

0.57

(0.55–0.58)

Widowed/separated/divorced

1.01

(0.99–1.02)

0.90

(0.88–0.91)

0.91

(0.90–0.92)

0.90

(0.89–0.92)

Single never married

REF

REF

REF

REF

Education

    

Less than secondary school graduation

1.12

(1.11–1.13)

1.10

(1.09–1.12)

1.15

(1.14–1.16)

1.10

(1.01–1.19)

Secondary school graduation

1.03

(1.02–1.04)

1.07

(1.05–1.08)

1.08

(1.06–1.09)

1.05

(0.99–1.12)

Post-secondary education (complete and partial)

REF

REF

REF

REF

Self-perceived general health

    

Poor

4.61

(4.52–4.71)

5.48

(5.37–5.58)

5.41

(5.31–5.52)

5.37

(5.25–5.50)

Fair

2.24

(2.19–2.28)

2.49

(2.45–2.53)

2.47

(2.43–2.51)

2.47

(2.42–2.51)

Good

1.42

(1.39–1.44)

1.59

(1.57–1.62)

1.59

(1.56–1.61)

1.58

(1.56–1.61)

Very good

1.04

(1.02–1.06)

1.13

(1.11–1.15)

1.12

(1.10–1.14)

1.12

(1.10–1.14)

Excellent

REF

REF

REF

REF

Cigarette smoking

    

Never smoked

REF

REF

REF

REF

Former light smoker

1.12

(1.10–1.13)

1.17

(1.15–1.18)

1.22

(1.20–1.23)

1.21

(1.16–1.26)

Former heavy smoker

1.65

(1.62–1.67)

1.56

(1.54–1.58)

1.60

(1.58–1.62)

1.61

(1.56–1.65)

Current light smoker

2.22

(2.19–2.26)

2.08

(2.06–2.11)

2.08

(2.05–2.10)

2.10

(2.04–2.17)

Current heavy smoker

3.09

(3.04–3.14)

2.87

(2.83–2.91)

2.88

(2.84–2.92)

2.91

(2.82–3.01)

Emphysema/COPD

1.23

(1.21–1.25)

1.23

(1.21–1.25)

1.23

(1.21–1.25)

1.23

(1.21–1.26)

Heart disease

1.17

(1.15–1.18)

1.25

(1.24–1.27)

1.25

(1.24–1.27)

1.25

(1.24–1.27)

Diabetes

1.40

(1.38–1.41)

1.33

(1.32–1.35)

1.33

(1.32–1.34)

1.33

(1.31–1.35)

Cancer

3.38

(3.33–3.43)

3.49

(3.44–3.54)

3.48

(3.43–3.52)

3.48

(3.42–3.53)

Stroke

1.22

(1.19–1.25)

1.27

(1.25–1.29)

1.27

(1.24–1.29)

1.27

(1.24–1.29)

Alzheimer’s

0.93

(0.87–1.00)

2.02

(1.95–2.09)

2.00

(1.93–2.07)

2.02

(1.95–2.09)

Arthritis

0.80

(0.79–0.80)

0.76

(0.75–0.77)

0.75

(0.74–0.76)

0.75

(0.74–0.76)

Back to article page

Population Health Metrics

ISSN: 1478-7954