Table 3 Characteristics of the studied populations and comparison variables between them: anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis

Height, cm

170.1 ± 10.1

170.5 ± 9.7

0.487

168.8 ± 9.8

167.8 ± 10.0

0.429

Body mass, kg

77.6 ± 16.4

79.1 ± 16.6

0.090

84.2 ± 16.8

85.5 ± 16.2

0.556

BMI, kg/m²

26.8 ± 4.8

27.2 ± 5.0

0.121

29.5 ± 5.2

30.3 ± 4.9

0.224

Waist, cm

87.4 ± 13.5

88.7 ± 13.5

0.055

94.7 ± 12.6

96.3 ± 12.6

0.319

Hips, cm

99.1 ± 9.6

102.7 ± 9.0

< 0.001

105.7 ± 10.1

104.5 ± 10.3

0.367

Thigh, cm

58.5 ± 5.9

59.6 ± 5.9

< 0.001

59.9 ± 8.3

60.1 ± 6.4

0.772

WHR

0.88 ± 0.10

0.86 ± 0.10

< 0.001

0.90 ± 0.09

0.92 ± 0.09

0.022

Total fat mass, kg

26.0 ± 9.0

27.0 ± 9.6

0.044

30.3 ± 10.1

31.9 ± 9.5

0.196

FMI, kg/m²

9.1 ± 3.5

9.4 ± 3.6

0.129

10.8 ± 3.8

11.5 ± 3.7

0.137

Total lean mass, kg

49.2 ± 10.8

50.0 ± 10.5

0.173

51.5 ± 10.6

51.0 ± 10.3

0.678

LMI, kg/m²

16.8 ± 2.4

17.0 ± 2.4

0.099

17.9 ± 2.4

17.9 ± 2.2

0.921

Android fat mass, kg

2.4 ± 1.2

2.5 ± 1.3

0.094

3.1 ± 1.3

3.3 ± 1.2

0.152

Gynoid fat mass, kg

4.0 ± 1.4

4.1 ± 1.5

0.157

4.5 ± 1.6

4.6 ± 1.6

0.387

Visceral mass, kg

1.2 ± 1.0

1.3 ± 1.0

0.089

1.8 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 1.0

0.496

A/G fat ratio

0.59 ± 0.24

0.61 ± 0.24

0.266

0.69 ± 0.23

0.73 ± 0.24

0.187