From: The rural mortality penalty in U.S. hospital patients with COVID-19
Variable | N | Rural, N = 77,807 | Urban, N = 1,041,392 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Congestive Heart Failure | 1,119,199 | 8,130 (10.4%) | 105,195 (10.1%) | 0.002 |
 High Blood Pressure | 1,119,199 | 28,885 (37.1%) | 386,886 (37.2%) | 0.9 |
 Pneumonia | 1,119,199 | 4,610 (5.9%) | 5,754 (5.6%) | < 0.001 |
 Cancer | 1,119,199 | 8,059 (10.4%) | 99,552 (9.6%) | < 0.001 |
Patient Condition | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean Arterial Pressure | 807,220 |  |  | < 0.001 |
  (60,100) |  | 39,309 (71.1%) | 520,490 (69.2%) |  |
  (0,60) |  | 756 (1.4%) | 8,772 (1.2%) |  |
  (100,300) |  | 15,191 (27.5%) | 222,702 (29.6%) |  |
  Unknown |  | 22,551 | 289,428 |  |
 ICU Admission | 1,119,199 | 8,732 (11.2%) | 62,906 (6.0%) | < 0.001 |
 SpO2 | 911,943 | 95 (93, 97) | 96 (93, 98) | < 0.001 |
  Unknown |  | 14,137 | 193,119 |  |
 Respiration Rate | 808,396 |  |  | < 0.001 |
  (12, 25) |  | 42,427 (78.0%) | 606,119 (80%) |  |
  (0,12) |  | 524 (1.0%) | 6,300 (0.8%) |  |
  (25,inf) |  | 11,379 (21%) | 141,547 (19%) |  |
  Unknown |  | 23,377 | 287,426 |  |
 Pulse Rate | 906,257 | 86 (74, 99) | 87 (75, 101) | < 0.001 |
  Unknown |  | 16,632 | 196,310 |  |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 SVI | 1,113,692 | 0.66 (0.46, 0.82) | 0.53 (0.26, 0.79) | < 0.001 |
  Unknown |  | 1,335 | 4,172 |  |
 Sex | 1,119,199 |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Female |  | 36,992 (47.5%) | 519,128 (49.8%) |  |
  Male |  | 40,815 (52.5%) | 522,264 (50.2%) |  |
 Race | 1,119,199 |  |  | < 0.001 |
  White |  | 65,276 (83.9%) | 712,506 (68.4%) |  |
  American Indian or Alaska Native |  | 1,809 (2.3%) | 9,350 (0.9%) |  |
  Asian |  | 252 (0.3%) | 24,755 (2.4%) |  |
  Black or African American |  | 7,128 (9.2%) | 214,787 (20.6%) |  |
  Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |  | 141 (0.2%) | 3,962 (0.4%) |  |
  Other |  | 1,639 (2.1%) | 49,573 (4.8%) |  |
  Unspecified |  | 1,562 (2.0%) | 26,459 (2.5%) |  |
 Age at Diagnosis | 1,119,199 | 67 (54, 78) | 65 (49, 77) | < 0.001 |
Days from 3/1/2020 to Admission | 1,119,199 | 573 (313, 710) | 559 (309, 705) | < 0.001 |