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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: The rural mortality penalty in U.S. hospital patients with COVID-19

Variable

N

Rural, N = 77,807

Urban, N = 1,041,392

p-value

Comorbidities

    

 Congestive Heart Failure

1,119,199

8,130 (10.4%)

105,195 (10.1%)

0.002

 High Blood Pressure

1,119,199

28,885 (37.1%)

386,886 (37.2%)

0.9

 Pneumonia

1,119,199

4,610 (5.9%)

5,754 (5.6%)

< 0.001

 Cancer

1,119,199

8,059 (10.4%)

99,552 (9.6%)

< 0.001

Patient Condition

    

 Mean Arterial Pressure

807,220

  

< 0.001

  (60,100)

 

39,309 (71.1%)

520,490 (69.2%)

 

  (0,60)

 

756 (1.4%)

8,772 (1.2%)

 

  (100,300)

 

15,191 (27.5%)

222,702 (29.6%)

 

  Unknown

 

22,551

289,428

 

 ICU Admission

1,119,199

8,732 (11.2%)

62,906 (6.0%)

< 0.001

 SpO2

911,943

95 (93, 97)

96 (93, 98)

< 0.001

  Unknown

 

14,137

193,119

 

 Respiration Rate

808,396

  

< 0.001

  (12, 25)

 

42,427 (78.0%)

606,119 (80%)

 

  (0,12)

 

524 (1.0%)

6,300 (0.8%)

 

  (25,inf)

 

11,379 (21%)

141,547 (19%)

 

  Unknown

 

23,377

287,426

 

 Pulse Rate

906,257

86 (74, 99)

87 (75, 101)

< 0.001

  Unknown

 

16,632

196,310

 

Demographics

    

 SVI

1,113,692

0.66 (0.46, 0.82)

0.53 (0.26, 0.79)

< 0.001

  Unknown

 

1,335

4,172

 

 Sex

1,119,199

  

< 0.001

  Female

 

36,992 (47.5%)

519,128 (49.8%)

 

  Male

 

40,815 (52.5%)

522,264 (50.2%)

 

 Race

1,119,199

  

< 0.001

  White

 

65,276 (83.9%)

712,506 (68.4%)

 

  American Indian or Alaska Native

 

1,809 (2.3%)

9,350 (0.9%)

 

  Asian

 

252 (0.3%)

24,755 (2.4%)

 

  Black or African American

 

7,128 (9.2%)

214,787 (20.6%)

 

  Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

 

141 (0.2%)

3,962 (0.4%)

 

  Other

 

1,639 (2.1%)

49,573 (4.8%)

 

  Unspecified

 

1,562 (2.0%)

26,459 (2.5%)

 

 Age at Diagnosis

1,119,199

67 (54, 78)

65 (49, 77)

< 0.001

Days from 3/1/2020 to Admission

1,119,199

573 (313, 710)

559 (309, 705)

< 0.001