The global burden of disease study and Population Health Metrics

Table 1 Summary of additions in the GBD 2021 study

Area	Additional for GBD 2021
Causes of disease and injury	12 additional causes: • COVID-19 • Other COVID-19 pandemic related outcomes* • Pulmonary arterial hypertension • Hepatoblastoma • Burkitt lymphoma • Other non-Hodgkin lymphoma • Eye cancer • Retinoblastoma • Soft tissue and other extraosseous sarcomas • Malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage • Neuroblastoma • Other peripheral nervous cell tumours
Risk factors	One additional risk factor: • Nitrogen dioxide pollution
Demographic groups	Increased disaggregation of the under 5 years age-group to: • 1 to 5 months • 6 to 11 months • 12 to 23 months • 2 to 4 years

* GBD 2021 defines other COVID-19 pandemic related outcomes as a fatal-only component, representing: “all excess deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, after attributing all other excess deaths to known causes. It may include deaths associated with deferred care-seeking or other societal, economic, or behavioural changes tied to the pandemic, but which we could not attribute to a specific cause.”

ISSN: 1478-7954